Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications (ICNDA 2026), Volume 2

This book presents the latest advancements and applications of nonlinear dynamics in science and engineering through a carefully selected collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications (ICNDA 2026), held at the Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology (SMIT). Jointly organized by the Department of Mathematics and the Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SMIT, Sikkim Manipal University, the conference provides an international platform for students, researchers, scientists, academicians, and practitioners to share recent developments and exchange ideas in the rapidly growing field of nonlinear dynamics. This three-volume set covers a broad spectrum of topics in nonlinear science. Volume 2 focuses on the theory, modeling, analysis, and applications of complex systems and fractals, showcasing the latest advancements in nonlinear science. Complex systems involve interconnected elements that produce collective behaviors, such as self-organization, synchronization, pattern formation, and emergent complexity. Meanwhile, fractals serve as effective tools for representing irregular and self-similar patterns that emerge from nonlinear and recursive processes. This book explores various subjects, including chaos, complexity, fractal structures, nonlinear dynamical systems, nonlinear partial differential equations, population balance models, disease dynamics, cytokine interactions, predator-prey relationships, ecological systems, fluid dynamics, nonlinear flows, heat transfer in nanofluids, and both analytical and numerical methods for optimizing materials and structures. Additionally, it emphasizes the use of fractals in fields such as biological structures, image processing, image compression, and computer graphics. The contributions illustrate how mathematical and computational techniques can enhance our understanding of complex physical, biological, and engineering systems. This book includes 50 research papers.